Valorization of Defatted Cherry Seed Residues from Liquor Processing by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction: A Sustainable Strategy for Production of Phenolic-Rich Extracts with Antioxidant Potential.

The integrated valorization of food chain waste is one of the most promising alternatives in the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. Thus, an efficient solid-phase matrix dispersion extraction method, using experimental factorial design and response surface methodology, has been developed and optimized for the recovery of polyphenols from defatted cherry seeds obtained after cherry liquor manufacture and subsequent fatty acid extraction, evaluating the effect of each processing step on the composition and phenolic content of sweet cherry residues. The phenolic extracts before fermentation showed the highest content of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) (3 ± 1 mg QE·g-1 and 1.37 ± 0.08 mg GAE·g-1, respectively), while the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in the defatted seed extracts after both fermentation and distillation. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used to determine the phenolic profile. Dihydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin were the main phenolics found, showing differences in concentration between the stages of liquor production. The results underline the prospective of cherry by-products for obtaining phenol-rich bioactive extracts for possible use in different industrial sectors, offering a feasible solution for the cascade valorization of cherry agri-food waste.

Aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra la COVID-19 en alumnos de una universidad pública de Honduras / Acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine in students of a public university in Honduras

La pandemia de la COVID-19 continúa reportando casos y fallecimientos a nivel mundial y nacional. La vacuna contra COVID-19, ha logrado contener la propagación de la enfermedad, sin embargo, todavía no tiene una aceptación total. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y aceptabilidad de la vacuna contra la COVID-19 y factores asociados, en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) en año 2021. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo con análisis de asociación. La población de estudio fueron los estudiantes de la UNAH. Resultados: Un total de 1,417 estudiantes participaron, de los cuales el 52.3% (741) no estaban vacunados contra la COVID-19. Se encontró que el 93.5% (693/741) aceptaría aplicarse la vacuna. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria múltiple reportando que, el grupo de edad de 40 a 44 años tendrían mayor posibilidad de no aceptabilidad de la vacuna (OR=17, IC95% 2.462-120.661; p=0.004). Con respecto a los factores psicosociales se encontró que, la norma subjetiva y el control conductual inadecuado conllevaría a mayor posibilidad de no aceptación de la vacuna. (OR=11.4, IC95% 3.605- 36.664; p=0.000) y (OR=4.6, IC95% 1.678-12.281; p=0.003), respectivamente. Finalmente, la actitud social y la percepción de riesgo inadecuado implicaría no aceptar la vacuna (OR=13, IC95% 5.683-30.322; p=0.000) y (OR=6, IC95% 2.189- 15.159; p=0.000), respectivamente. Discusión: Según los resultados de este estudio, los estudiantes que no aceptaron vacunarse tuvieron influencia en su entorno familiar, social y de su propia capacidad para decidir, sumado a una percepción de riesgo inadecuada por una influencia directa en los mismos...(AU)

Reducción de eventos cardiovasculares de Lomitapida versus Estatinas en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia fa-miliar. Protocolo de revisión sistemática / Reduction of cardiovascular events of Lomitapida versus Statins in patients with a diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review protocol

Introducción: La hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) un trastorno genético autosómico domi-nante que produce un desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Las estati-nas han sido el medicamento de elección en estos pacientes, sin embargo, un buen por-centaje de pacientes no pueden alcanzar sus objetivos terapéuticas con las dosis máximas por lo que la Lomitapida se podría establecer como una nueva alternativa de tratamiento. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es determinar si la Lomitapida reduce los eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con diagnóstico de Hipercolesterolemia familiar comparado con estatinas. Métodos: Se incluirán ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y cuasialeatorios de pacientes con diagnóstico de HF. Las medidas de resultado los niveles de LDL, HDL pos tratamiento y eventos cardiovasculares. Las búsquedas electrónicas se realizarán en PUBMED, The Coch-rane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE y Scientific electronic library (Scielo). En la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se utilizará la herramienta de Cochrane. Las medidas del efecto del tratamiento serán las diferencias de medias (DM) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La evaluación de heterogeneidad se realizará mediante la inspec-ción visual del diagrama de embudo. La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia se reali-zará usando la evaluación GRADE.

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disor-der that produces hypercholesterolemia and premature development of cardiovascular diseas-es. Statins are the drug of choice in these patients; however, a high percentage of patients cannot achieve their therapeutic goals with the maximum recommended doses, so Lo-mitapide may prove to be useful as a new treatment alternative to traditional statins. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if Lomitapide is better than statins at reducing cardiovascular events in patients with a diagnosis of FH. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials of patients di-agnosed with FH will be included. Primary outcome measures included several parameters: 1. Post-treatment low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) levels and 2. Presence of cardiovascular events. Electronic searches will be conducted in PUBMED, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and the scientific elec-tronic library (Scielo). The assessment of the risk of bias will be used by the Cochrane tool. The measures of the treatment effect will be considered the mean differences (MD) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). The evaluation of heterogeneity will be done by visual inspec-tion of the funnel diagram. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence will be done using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) ap-proach.

Reducción de eventos cardiovasculares de Lomitapida versus Estatinas en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia fa-miliar. Protocolo de revisión sistemática / Reduction of cardiovascular events of Lomitapida versus Statins in patients with a diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review protocol

Introducción: La hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) un trastorno genético autosómico domi-nante que produce un desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Las estati-nas han sido el medicamento de elección en estos pacientes, sin embargo, un buen por-centaje de pacientes no pueden alcanzar sus objetivos terapéuticas con las dosis máximas por lo que la Lomitapida se podría establecer como una nueva alternativa de tratamiento. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es determinar si la Lomitapida reduce los eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con diagnóstico de Hipercolesterolemia familiar comparado con estatinas. Métodos: Se incluirán ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y cuasialeatorios de pacientes con diagnóstico de HF. Las medidas de resultado los niveles de LDL, HDL pos tratamiento y eventos cardiovasculares. Las búsquedas electrónicas se realizarán en PUBMED, The Coch-rane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE y Scientific electronic library (Scielo). En la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se utilizará la herramienta de Cochrane. Las medidas del efecto del tratamiento serán las diferencias de medias (DM) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La evaluación de heterogeneidad se realizará mediante la inspec-ción visual del diagrama de embudo. La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia se reali-zará usando la evaluación GRADE.

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disor-der that produces hypercholesterolemia and premature development of cardiovascular diseas-es. Statins are the drug of choice in these patients; however, a high percentage of patients cannot achieve their therapeutic goals with the maximum recommended doses, so Lo-mitapide may prove to be useful as a new treatment alternative to traditional statins. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if Lomitapide is better than statins at reducing cardiovascular events in patients with a diagnosis of FH. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials of patients di-agnosed with FH will be included. Primary outcome measures included several parameters: 1. Post-treatment low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) levels and 2. Presence of cardiovascular events. Electronic searches will be conducted in PUBMED, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and the scientific elec-tronic library (Scielo). The assessment of the risk of bias will be used by the Cochrane tool. The measures of the treatment effect will be considered the mean differences (MD) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). The evaluation of heterogeneity will be done by visual inspec-tion of the funnel diagram. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence will be done using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) ap-proach.

Reducción de eventos cardiovasculares de Lomitapida versus Estatinas en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipercolesterolemia fa-miliar. Protocolo de revisión sistemática / Reduction of cardiovascular events of Lomitapida versus Statins in patients with a diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review protocol

Introducción: La hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) un trastorno genético autosómico domi-nante que produce un desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Las estati-nas han sido el medicamento de elección en estos pacientes, sin embargo, un buen por-centaje de pacientes no pueden alcanzar sus objetivos terapéuticas con las dosis máximas por lo que la Lomitapida se podría establecer como una nueva alternativa de tratamiento. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es determinar si la Lomitapida reduce los eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con diagnóstico de Hipercolesterolemia familiar comparado con estatinas. Métodos: Se incluirán ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y cuasialeatorios de pacientes con diagnóstico de HF. Las medidas de resultado los niveles de LDL, HDL pos tratamiento y eventos cardiovasculares. Las búsquedas electrónicas se realizarán en PUBMED, The Coch-rane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE y Scientific electronic library (Scielo). En la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se utilizará la herramienta de Cochrane. Las medidas del efecto del tratamiento serán las diferencias de medias (DM) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La evaluación de heterogeneidad se realizará mediante la inspec-ción visual del diagrama de embudo. La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia se reali-zará usando la evaluación GRADE.

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disor-der that produces hypercholesterolemia and premature development of cardiovascular diseas-es. Statins are the drug of choice in these patients; however, a high percentage of patients cannot achieve their therapeutic goals with the maximum recommended doses, so Lo-mitapide may prove to be useful as a new treatment alternative to traditional statins. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine if Lomitapide is better than statins at reducing cardiovascular events in patients with a diagnosis of FH. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials of patients di-agnosed with FH will be included. Primary outcome measures included several parameters: 1. Post-treatment low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) levels and 2. Presence of cardiovascular events. Electronic searches will be conducted in PUBMED, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and the scientific elec-tronic library (Scielo). The assessment of the risk of bias will be used by the Cochrane tool. The measures of the treatment effect will be considered the mean differences (MD) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). The evaluation of heterogeneity will be done by visual inspec-tion of the funnel diagram. The evaluation of the quality of the evidence will be done using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) ap-proach.

Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, inflammatory, nonscarring type of hair loss. Significant variations in the clinical presentation of AA have been observed, ranging from small, well-circumscribed patches of hair loss to a complete absence of body and scalp hair. Patients affected by AA encompass all age groups, sexes, and ethnicities, and may experience frustration with the unpredictable nature of their disease for which there is currently no definitive treatment. The cause of AA remains incompletely understood, though it is believed to result-at least in part-from a loss of immune privilege in the hair follicle, autoimmune-mediated hair follicle destruction, and the upregulation of inflammatory pathways. Patients with AA frequently experience marked impairment in psychological well-being, self-esteem, and may be more likely to suffer from psychiatric comorbidities. Part one of this two-part continuing medical education series describes the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, prognosis, and recent advancements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AA.

Alopecia areata: An appraisal of new treatment approaches and overview of current therapies.

Many therapies are available for the treatment of alopecia areata, including topical, systemic, and injectable modalities. However, these treatment methods produce variable clinical outcomes and there are no currently available treatments that induce and sustain remission. When making management decisions, clinicians must first stratify patients into pediatric versus adult populations. Disease severity should then be determined (limited vs extensive) before deciding the final course of therapy. The second article in this continuing medical education series describes the evidence supporting new treatment methods, among them Janus kinase inhibitors. We evaluate the evidence concerning the efficacy, side effects, and durability of these medications. An overview of conventional therapy is also provided with new insights gleaned from recent studies. Finally, future promising therapeutic options that have not yet been fully evaluated will also be presented.

An Overview of the Biology of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Microneedling as Potential Treatments for Alopecia Areata.

Platelet-rich plasma and microneedling have been investigated recently as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of hair disorders. Evidence from laboratory studies indicates that these treatments enhance growth factor production that in turn facilitates hair follicle development and cycling. Several small studies and case reports have presented encouraging findings regarding the use of these treatments for alopecia areata. Future investigations will be needed to validate these therapeutic techniques for patients with alopecia areata and further refine which subtypes of the disease these methods are best indicated for.

An Overview of the Biology of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Microneedling as Potential Treatments for Alopecia Areata.

Platelet-rich plasma and microneedling have been investigated recently as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of hair disorders. Evidence from laboratory studies indicates that these treatments enhance growth factor production that in turn facilitates hair follicle development and cycling. Several small studies and case reports have presented encouraging findings regarding the use of these treatments for alopecia areata. Future investigations will be needed to validate these therapeutic techniques for patients with alopecia areata and further refine which subtypes of the disease these methods are best indicated for.

Novel Treatment Using Low-Dose Naltrexone for Lichen Planopilaris.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a variant of lichen planus that affects the scalp causing scarring hair loss. Patients also frequently experience symptoms of scalp itch, pain, and burning. To date, there are no long-term remittive nor curative therapies available. Low-dose naltrexone has anti-inflammatory properties and has recently been described in the context of treating autoimmune conditions. This retrospective medical record review describes four LPP patients treated with low-dose (3 milligrams per day) naltrexone. This medication provided benefit in these four patients including reduction in symptoms of pruritus, clinical evidence of inflammation of the scalp, and disease progression. All patients tolerated naltrexone without adverse effects. This is the first case series demonstrating the beneficial effects of low-dose naltrexone for patients with LPP. This medication was well-tolerated by the patients and is cost-effective.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(11):1140-1142.

Una mirada a la nueva Ley de donación de órganos en Chile: la polémica prioridad para los donantes / An insight into Chile's new law on organ donation: the donors' controversial priority

La modificación de la Ley N°19.451 causó un gran revuelo mediático y descontento en la población. En su artículo 2°, esta Ley dio prioridad para la recepción de un órgano, en caso de que varias personas se encuentren en igualdad de condiciones, para quien está registrado como donante de órganos respecto de quien no lo está. Con esta Ley el modelo de consentimiento pasa a ser presunto, universal y restringido. De esta forma se introduce una medida de "incentivo/obligatoriedad" para aquellos que no desean ser donantes. En el contexto de la baja tasa de donaciones de órganos que se hacían efectivas en Chile surge la idea de modificar la Ley, pero, ¿es esta la forma más adecuada de convencer a la población para que no expresen su negativa? El éxito del modelo español en donación de órganos se basa en gran medida en mejorar el conocimiento acerca de este proceso y en una buena legislación. La donación de órganos es un voto a favor de la vida y, por tanto, debiera ser válida para todos, independiente de su modo de pensar, por lo que esta modificación de la Ley iría en desmedro de ciertos derechos constitucionales.

An amendment to Chilean law 19,451 led to media uproar and discontent amongst the population. This law's second article gave priority for receiving an organ (when several people had an equal claim/condition) to patients registered as organ donors (i.e. instead of those who were not); the consent model becomes presumptive, universal and restricted with this amendment as it will introduce incentive/obligation for those who refuse to donate. The idea of changing the law arose due to the low rate of effective organ donation in Chile; however, is this the most appropriate way of convincing people not to express a negative opinion? The success of the Spanish model for organ donation has been based on improving knowledge about donation and good legislation. Organ donation is a vote in favour of life and, therefore, should be valid for all, regardless of their way of thinking; such change in the existing law would seem to be detrimental to some constitutional rights.